Risk assessment of pesticide residues in domestic ginsengs / 中国中药杂志

The study aims at taking risk assessment of pesticide residues in ginseng and high risk pesticides were picked up in order to provide a scientific basis for the establishment of maximum residue limits(MRLs) for pesticides in ginseng. Residues of 246 pesticides in 80 ginseng samples collected from different place were detected by GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS method. Acute and chronic intake risks were evaluated by using deterministic approach, and the matrix ranking developed by the Veterinary Residues Committee of the United Kingdom was referred to assess risk score of pesticides. The 25 kinds of pesticide residues were detected in ginseng samples, the detection rate of quintozene(PCNB) was 78%, which was the most frequently detectable pesticide. The chronic dietary intake risks of 25 pesticide residues expressed as %ADI were 0.00%-2.6%, and their acute dietary intake risks expressed as %ARfD were 0.00%-104.2%. Among them the acute dietary intake risks of PCNB was 104%,which was the highest. The 25 pesticides were divided into 3 groups by risk score, high risk group(4 pesticides), medium risk group(6 pesticides), and low risk group(15 pesticides). Hexachlorobenzene, phorate, PCNB and BHC were classified as high risk group. It is necessary and effective to establish the limit of residual organic chlorine in ginseng from Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition). MRLs for PCNB and hexachlorobenzene in ginseng were proposed to be revised based on the results of risk assessment.

Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Wolfberry and Dietary Exposure Risk Assessment / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To assess the levels of pesticide residues in Wolfberry and evaluate the intake exposure of pesticide residues. METHODS: A total of 332 kinds of pesticides in 40 samples collected from different areas were determined and dietary intake exposure risks were assessed. Risk assessment was conducted by using deterministic approach for the pesticides with detection rate over 20%. RESULTS: The analysis showed that 94% of the samples contained low levels of pesticide residues, and 85% of the samples contained five or more kinds of pesticide residues. Totally 31 pesticides were detected, most of which have low or moderate toxicity. However, carbofuran which is forbidden in Chinese herbs was detected. Risk assessment found that carbofuran had the highest acute risk and chronic risk, with risk probabilities of 89.523% and 2.000%, respectively. As the values were below 100%, it was indicated that the threat of this pesticide in Wolfberry to human health is acceptable. CONCLUSION: The maximum residue limit of carbofuran in Wolfberry should be established as soon as possible. In this study, deterministic model is used to assess the risk of pesticide residues in Chinese Wolfberry, with the aim to propose an appropriate assessment model for traditional Chinese medicine and provide data for maximum residue limit.